ASSIGNMENT


COMMUNICATION AND THE BARRIERS OF COMMUNICATION


CONTENTS
DEFINITION

BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY


DEFINITION
Communication from Latin commūnicāre, meaning "to share" is the activity of conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behaviour.

Other definition of communication is "any act by which one person gives to or receives from another person information about that person's needs, desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states.


BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
A Barrier acts like a sieve, allowing only a part of the message to filter through; as a result, the desired response is not achieved.

To communicate smoothly and effectively in an organization ,irrespective of your position, you need to know hoe the barriers operate, why they cause misunderstandings and how to mitigate their negative impact.


TYPES OF BARRIERS
•INTRAPERSONAL(WWCID)


•WRONG ASSUMPTIONS

•WRONG INFERENCES

•CATEGORICAL THINKING

•IMPERVIOUS CATEGORIES

•DIFFERING BACKGROUNDS
•2) INTERPERSONAL (CPENCIL)


•COMMUNICATION SELECTIVITY

•POOR LISTENING SKILLS

•EMOTIONAL OUTBURSTS

•NOISE IN THE CHANNEL

•CULTURAL VARIATIONS

•INOCONGURITY OF VERBAL AND NON VERBAL MESSAGES

•LIMITED VOCABULARY
•3) ORGANISATIONAL(FTINU)


•FEAR OF SUPERIORS

•TOO MANY TRANSFER STATIONS

•INFORMATION OVER LOAD

•NEGATIVE TENDENCIES

•USE OF INAPPROPRIATE MEDIA
THERE ARE BASICALLY THREE TYPES OF COMMUNICATION BARRIER;
1) INTRAPERSONAL BARREIRS
A.WRONG ASSUMPTIONS

Many barriers stem from wrong assumptions.

Wrong assumptions are generally made because the sender or the receiver does not have adequate knowledge about each others background or entertains certain false notations, which are fixed in their mind .



INTRAPERSONAL BARREIRS CONTD…

B) WRONG INFERENCES

oINFERENCES are more dramatic than facts, and for this reason they give more scope for gossip and rumor to burgeon.

oFor e.g.:- You have returned from a business trip and you find that two of your colleagues are absent. They do not turn up for several days. Since there is a recession on , you draw an inference that they have been laid off. But the actual reason is that they have been promoted and shifted to another department.



INTRAPERSONAL BARREIRS CONTD…

C) CATEGORICAL THINKING

oPEOPLE WHO FEEL THAT THEY ‘ KNOW IT ALL ‘ ARE CALLED PANSOPHISTS.

oTHIS TYPE OF THINKING EXISTS IN PEOPLE WHO FEEL THAT THEY KNOW EVERYTHING ABOUT A PARTICULAR SUBJECT, AND THEREFEORE REFUSE TO ACCEPT ANY FURTHER INFORMATION ON THAT TOPIC.

oTO AVOID THIS BARRIER ,ONE SHOULD BE:-

•BE NON-JUDGEMENTAL

•BE EMPATHETIC

•NOT ASSUME ANYTHING

•STICK TO THE SUBJECT

•LISTEN AND ABOVE ALL PARAPHRASE



INTRAPERSONAL BARREIRS CONTD…

D) IMPERVIOUS CATEGORIES

oIN GENENRAL, WE REACT TO INFORMATION ONLY IF IT IS CONSONANCE WITH OUR OWN VIEWS AND ATTITUDES.

oCONVERSELY, WHEN WE RECEIVE INFORMATION THAT DOES NOT CONFORM TO OUR PERSONAL VIEWS, HABITS AND ATTITUDES, OR APPEARS UNFAVOURABLE TO US, WE TEND TO REACT NEGATIVELY OR EVEN DISBELIEVE.

oADVANCES IN COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGIES ARE SO RAPID TODAY THAT MANY PEOPLE HAVE DIFFICULTY IN QUICKLY ADAPTING THEMSELVES TO THESE DEVELOPMENTS INSTEAD OF TAKING ADVANTAGES OF THESE DEVELOPMENTS THAT EXPEDITE THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS, THEY TEND TO RESIST AND CRITICIZE THEM.

oSUCH A PEOPLE CALLED AS MISSONEISTS FALL INTO IMPERVIOUS CATEGORIES, BECAUSE THEY MAY NOT BE ABLE TO ACCEPT ANY DEVIATION FROM THEIR POINT OF VIEWS.



INTRAPERSONAL BARREIRS CONTD…

E) DIFFERING BACKGROUNDS

oNO TWO PERSONS ARE OF SIMILAR BACKGROUNDS.

oPEOPLE VARY IN TERMS OF THEIR EDUCATION, CULTURE,LANGUAGE,ENVIRONMENT,AGE,SEX,FIANCIAL STATUS,ETC.

oOUR BACKGROUND PLAYS A VERY SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN HOW WE INTERPRET THE MESSAGE.

oTO ENHANCE YOUR COMMUNICATION SKILLS, IT IS NECESSARY TO KNOW THE BACKGROUND OF YOUR AUDIENCE. YOU CAN ACCORDINGLY USE THAT INFORMATION TO CONSTRUCT YOUR MESSAGE.

oEMPATHY OR IDENTIFICATION WITH ANOTHER PERSON IS THE SOLUTION TO THIS BARRIER.



2) INTERPERSONAL BARRIERS

A)COMMUNICATION SELECTIVITY

oIF YOU ARE THE RECEIVER IN A COMMU NICATION PROCESS, AND YOU PAY ATTENTION ONLY TO A PART OF THE MESSAGE, YOU ARE IMPOSING A BARRIER KNOWN AS COMMINICATION SELECTIVITY.

oYOU DO THIS BECAUSE YOU ARE INTRESTED ONLY IN THAT PART OF THE MESSAGE WHICH MAY BE OF USE TO YOU.

oIN THAT SITUATION , THE SENDER IS NOT AT FAULT.IT IS THE RECEIVER WHO BREAKS THE FLOW OF COMMUNICATION.



CONTD…

B) POOR LISTENING SKILLS

oIN A COMMUNICATION PROCESS THE COMMON HABIT IS THE POOR LISTENING SKILL.

oHEARING AND LISTENING ARE NOT THE SAME AT A TIME.

oLISTENING REQUIRES CAREFUL ATTENTION AND ACCURATE DECODING OF THE SIGNALS RECEIVED BY THE SPEAKER.

oTHE VARIOUS DISTRACTIONS THAT HINDERS LISTENING CAN BE:

EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE

INDIFFERNCE

AGGRESIVNESS

WANDERING ATTENTIOON



2) INTERPERSONAL BARRIERS CONTD…

C) EMOTIONAL OUTBURSTS

oEMOTIONS ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF OUR BEING, WHETHER IN BUSINESS OR PERSONAL ENCOUNTES.

oBY SHARPENING SELF-AWARNESS, INTUTUION AND EMPATHY, EMOTIONS CAN HELP IN DEVELPOING AN ENVIRONMENT HIGHLY CONDUCIVE TO GOOD COMMUNICATION.

oA MODERATE LEVEL OF EMOTIONAL INVOLMENT INTENSIFIES COMMUNICATIONS, MAKING IT MORE PERSONAL.

oHOWEVER, EXCESSIVE EMOTIONAL INVOLVEMENT CAN BE OBSTACLE IN COMMUNICATION.



2) INTERPERSONAL BARRIERS CONTD…

D) NOISE IN THE CHANNEL

oNOISE IS ANY UNWANTED SIGNAL WHICH ACTS AS A HINDRANCE IN THE FLOW OF COMMUNICATION.

oITS NOT NECESSARY LIMITED TO CACOPHONY, BUT CAN ALSO OCCUR IN VISUAL, AUDIO-VISUAL,WRITTEN,PHYSICAL,OR PHYSCOLOGICAL FORMS.

oALL THESE FORMS OF NOISE COMMU NICATE EXTRANEOUS MATTER WHICH MAY ALLAY THE RECEIVERS INTREST IN THE MESSAGE, EVEN IRRITATE HIM.



2) INTERPERSONAL BARRIERS CONTD…

E) CULTURAL VARIATIONS

oTHIS IS ONE OF THE PREDOMINANT FACTORS IN COMMUNICATION FAILURE.

oAS BUSINESSES ARE INCREASING ACROSS NATIONAL BOUNDARIES TO COMPETE ON A GLOBAL SCALE, THE OUTLOOK OF GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC WORK FORCE HAS CHANGED DRASTICALLY.

oMANY COMPANIES HAVE EXPANDED THEIR BUSINESSES WORLDWIDE TO CREATE INTERNATIONAL TIES THROUGH PARTNERSHIP, COLLABRARTIONS, AND AFFLIIATIONS.

oTHE MANAGEMENT HAS TO OBSERVE THE LAWS, CUSTOMS, AND BUSINESS PRACTICES OF THEIR HOST COUNTRIES , WHILE DEALING WITH THEIR MULTINATIONAL WORKFORCE.



2) INTERPERSONAL BARRIERS CONTD…

F) INCONGURITY OF ERBAL AND NON-VERBAL MESSAGES

oA COMMUNICATOR SHOULD ACCLIMATIZE HIMSELF TO COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT, THINK FROM THE ANGLE OF THE LISTENER,AND THEN COMMUNICATE.

oMISINTERPRETED NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION ACTS AS ANOTHER BARRIER TO EFFECTIVE INFORMATION GATHERING.

oNON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION USUALLY ENHANCES AND ENLIVENS VERBAL COMMUNICATION.



2) INTERPERSONAL BARRIERS CONTD…

G) LIMITED VOCABULARY

oAN INADEQUATE VOCABULARY CAN BE A MAJOR HINDRANCE IN COMMUNICATION.

oAT TIMES, YOUR PEN FALTERS, OR YOUR TOUNGE FUMBLES AS YOU SEARCH FOR THE EXACT WORD OR PHRASE.

oIN YOUR COMMUNICATION , THE CONNOTATIVE OR DENOTATIVE MEANINGS OF YOUR WORDS SHOULD BE ABSOLUTELY CLEAR TO THE RECEIVER.

oDURING YOUR SPEECH, IF YOU ARE AT A LOSS FOR WORDS, YOUR COMMUNICATION WILL BE VERY INEFFECTIVE, AND YOU WILL LEAVE A POOR IMPRESSION ON THE AUDIENCE.



3) ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIER

A)FEAR OF SUPERIORS

oIN A RIGIDLY STRUCTURED ORGANIZATIONS, FEAR OR AWE OF THE SUPERIORS PREVENTS SUB-ORDINATES FROM SPEAKING FRANKLY.

B)TOO MANY TRANSFER STATIONS

oTHE MORE LINKS THERE ARE IN A COMMUNICATION CHAIN,THE GREATER ARE THE CHANCES OF COMMUNICATION THAT WILL OCCUR.

C)INFORMATION OVERLOAD

oONE OF THE MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED BY ORGANIZATIONS TODAY IS THE AVAILABILITY OF HUGE AMOUNTS OF DATA WHICH THE RECEIVER IS UNABLE TO HANDLE EFFETIVELY.



3) ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIER CONTD…

D) NEGATIVE TENDENCIES

oMANY ORGANIZATIONS CREATES GROUPS.WHILE SOME GROUPS ARE FORMED ACCORDING TO THE DEMANDS OF THE TASK, SUCH AS ACCOMPLISHING A PARTICULAR PROJECT, MANY OTHER SMALL GROUPS ARE FORMED FOR RECREATIONAL , SOCIAL , OR COMMUNITY PURPOSES.

oTHESE GROUPS MAY BE FORMAL OR INFORMAL, AND GENERALLY CONSISTS OF PEOPLE WHO SHARE SIMILAR VALUES, ATTITUDES, OPININONS, BELIEFS, AND BEHAVIOURS.

oNEVERTHLESS, ON SOME OCCSAIONS, IT IS POSSIBLE TO HAVE A COMMUNICATION BARRIER DUE TO CONFLICTION OF IDEAS BETWEEN MEMBERS AND NON-MEMBERS OF A GROUP.



3) ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIER CONTD…

E) USE OF IN APPROPRIATE MEDIA

oSOME OF THE COMMON MEDIA USED IN ORGANIZATIONS ARE GRAPHS AND CHARTS, TELEPHONES, FASCIMILE MACHINES ETC.

oWHILE CHOOSING THE MEDIA YOU SHOULD THEREFORE KEEP IN MIND THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ALSO THE POTENTIAL BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION.

oBEFORE SENDING THE MESSAGE, YOU SHOULD CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING FACTORS WHILE CHOOSING THE MEDIUM:

TIME

COST

TYPE OF MESSAGE

INTENDED AUDIENCE.



REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication

TECHINICAL COMMUNICATION –MEENAKSHI RAMAN AND SANGEETA SHARMA


THANK YOU
ER. PARTH CHANDEGRA

"RATNA KUNJ"




Jagdamba Colony Manya Ni Khad

B/H Gopi Cinema

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parthchandegra678@gmail.com

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